Mathematics for Business and Economics GEN1201/ECN1201 L, Kalybay Aigerim

Logarithm is the inverse operation to exponentiation, the exponent of a power to which a base (usually 10 or e for natural logarithms) must be raised to produce a given number. 

Matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, which can be added, subtracted and multiplied, and used to represent linear transformations and vectors, solve equations, etc. 

Natural numbers are the set of positive integers (regular whole counting numbers), sometimes including zero. 

Negative numbers is any integer, ration or real number which is less than 0, e.g. -743, -1.4, -√5 (but not √-1, which is an imaginary or complex number). 

Parabola is a type of conic section curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed focus point and a fixed straight line. 

Periodic function is a function that repeats its values in regular intervals or periods, such as the trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, tangent, etc. 

Pi (π) is the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, an irrational (and transcendental) number approximately equal to 3.141593... 

Plane is a flat two-dimensional surface (physical or theoretical) with infinite width and length, zero thickness and zero curvature.

Polynomial is an algebraic expression or equation with more than one term, constructed from variables and constants using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and non-negative whole-number exponents.