Glossary
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Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data | |||
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Жауап: recorded information used to test scientific hypotheses or theories. Data may include laboratory notebooks (paper or digital), field notes, transcribed interviews, spreadsheets, digital images, x-ray photographs, audio or video recordings, and outputs from machines (such as gas chromatographs or DNA sequencers). Original (or primary data) is drawn directly from the data source; secondary (or derived) data is based on the primary data. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) | |||
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Жауап: a committee that monitors data from human subjects research to protect participants from harm and promote their welfare. DSMBs may recommend to an institutional review board that a study be stopped or altered. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data auditing | |||
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Жауап: | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data imputation | |||
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Жауап: use of statistical methods to fill in or replace missing or lost data. Imputation is not considered to be fabrication if it is done honestly and appropriately. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data management | |||
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Жауап: Practices and policies related to recording, storing, auditing, archiving, analyzing, interpreting, sharing, and publishing data. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data outlier | |||
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Жауап: a data point that is more than two standards deviations from the mean. Removal of outliers without articulating a legitimate reason may constitute data, falsification. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Data use agreement (DUA) | |||
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Жауап: | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Deception | |||
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Жауап: in human subjects research, using methods to deceive subjects about the goals and nature of a study or the methods, tests, interventions, or procedures used in the study. See also Placebo, Observer effect. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )De-identified data or samples | |||
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Жауап: data or biological samples which have been stripped of information, such as name or medical record number, which personally identifies individuals. | |||