Professional Foreign language ECN/ENG2101 L, Mussurov Altay

Money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders.

This is the term used to describe an increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the county, known as gross domestic product (GDP).

The cost advantages obtained by a business when buying an item in bulk. The price of an item usually decreases as the amount bought increases.

This is the market value of a business. It is calculated by market capitalisation times current share price, minus cash, plus debt.

Equity is used by analysts to work out how financially “healthy” a company is. It also represents what would be left if all of a businesses’ assets were liquidated and the debt paid off.

Investments made in companies that are specifically chosen for their environmental or moral credentials. Defence contractors, or companies known to use contentious labour practices, will generally be avoided by ethical investors.

Ethical trade can refer to many different things but is most often used as an umbrella term for any business practices that promote socially and/or environmentally responsible trading.

A plan to enable you to leave your business, either after achieving your goal or deciding you would like to move on to do something else while recouping any capital you invested when starting the company.

Selling your goods or services overseas.

An organised movement enabling producers in developing countries to receive a fair price for the items they produce. Fairtrade certification is becoming much more common in many sectors, particularly food, with several large brands now stating that their products are ‘certified Fairtrade’ on their packaging.