Ethics in International Affairs IRL4527 L, Adibayeva Aigul

dividing a scientific project into the smallest papers that can be published (least publishable unit) in order to maximize the total publications from the project. See Questionable research practices.

the institutional and government obligation to refrain from interfering in the conduct or publication of research, or the teaching and discussion of scientific ideas. See Censorship.

processes, procedures, and methods used to ensure that a study is well-designed to test a hypothesis or theory.

in science, deceiving one’s self in the conduct of research. Self-deception is a form of bias that may be intentional or unintentional (subconscious).

regulation of an activity by individuals involved in that activity as opposed to regulation by the government. See also Law.

an international research ethics code developed at the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity in Singapore in 2010.

in science, the obligation to avoid harmful societal consequences from one’s research and to promote good ones.

1. the social benefits expected to be gained from a scientific study, such as new knowledge or the development of a medical treatment or other technology. 2. The ethical principle that human subjects research should be expected to yield valuable results for society.

 the idea, defended by philosopher Peter Singer, that treating human beings as morally different from animals is a form of discrimination similar to racism. Singer argues that since all animals deserve equal moral consideration, most forms of animal experimentation are unethical. See Value, scale of.

rules and procedures for performing an activity, such as conducting or reviewing research.