Ethics in International Affairs IRL4527 L, Adibayeva Aigul

A systematic attempt to develop new knowledge.

the ability for an independent researcher to achieve the same results of an experiment, test, or study, under the same conditions. A research paper should include information necessary for other scientists to reproduce the results. Reproducibility is different from repeatability, in which researchers repeat their own experiments to verify the results. Reproducibility is one of the hallmarks of good science.

in human subjects research, providing financial compensation to subjects.

an agreement between two institutions in which one institution agrees to oversee human subjects research for the other institution for a particular study or group of studies.

1. A type of law developed and implemented by a government agency. 2. The process of regulating or controlling some activity.

an experiment, such as a clinical trial, in which subjects are randomly assigned to receive an experimental intervention or a control.

a process for randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups in a clinical trial or other biomedical experiment.

research practices that are regarded by many as unethical but are not considered to be research misconduct. Duplicate publication and Honorary authorship are considered by many to be QRPs.

processes for planning, conducting, monitoring, overseeing, and auditing an activity (such as research) to ensure that it meets appropriate standards of quality.

bias related to the tendency publish or not publish certain types of research. For example, some studies have documented a bias toward publishing positive results.