Glossary
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Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:35 PM)Confidentiality | |||
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Answer: the obligation to keep some types of information confidential or secret. In science, confidential information typically includes: private data pertaining to human subjects, papers or research proposals submitted for peer review, personnel records, proceedings from misconduct inquiries or investigations, and proprietary data. See also Privacy. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:36 PM)Conflict of interest, apparent or perceived | |||
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Answer: a situation in which a person has a financial, personal, political or other interest that is not likely to bias his or her judgment or decision-making concerning the performance of his or her ethical or legal obligation or duties but which may appear to an outside observer to bias his or her judgement or decision-making. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:36 PM)Conflict of interest, institutional | |||
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Answer: a situation in which an institution (such as a university) has financial, political, or other interests which are likely to bias institutional decision-making concerning the performance of institutional ethical or legal duties. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:37 PM)Conflict of interest, management | |||
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Answer: strategies for minimizing the adverse impacts of a conflict of interest, such as disclosure, oversight, or recusal/prohibition. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:37 PM)Consent | |||
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Answer: See Informed consent. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:38 PM)Consequentialism | |||
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Answer: an approach to ethics, such as utilitarianism, which emphasizes maximizing good over bad consequences resulting from actions or policies. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:38 PM)Continuing review | |||
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Answer: in human subjects research, subsequent review of a study after it has been approved by an IRB. Continuing review usually happens on an annual basis. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:39 PM)Copyright | |||
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Answer: a right, granted by a government, which prohibits unauthorized copying, performance, or alteration of creative works. Copyright laws include a fair use exemption which allows limited, unauthorized uses for non-commercial purposes. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 6:39 PM)Correction (or errata) | |||
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Answer: fixing a minor problem with a published paper. A minor problem is one that does not impact the reliability or integrity of the data or results. Journals publish correction notices and identify corrected papers in electronic databases to alert the scientific community to problems with the paper. See also Retraction. | |||