Glossary
Currently sorted Соңғы жаңарту мерзімімен (өсу ретімен) Хронологиялық реттеу: Соңғы жаңарту мерзімімен
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research institution | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: an institution, such as a university or government or private laboratory, which is involved in conducting research. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research integrity official (RIO) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: an administrator at a research institution who is responsible for responding to reports of suspected research misconduct. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research misconduct | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: intentional, knowing, or reckless behavior in research that is widely viewed as highly unethical and often illegal. Most definitions define research misconduct as fabrication or falsification of data or plagiarism, and some include other behaviors in the definition, such as interfering with a misconduct investigation, significant violations of human research regulations, or serious deviations from commonly accepted practices. Honest errors and scientific disputes are not regarded as misconduct. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research misconduct, inquiry vs. investigation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: If suspected research misconduct is reported at an institution, the Research integrity official may appoint an inquiry committee to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conduct an investigation. If the committee determines that there is sufficient evidence, an investigative committee will be appointed to gather evidence and interview witnesses. The investigative committee will determine whether there is sufficient evidence to prove misconduct and make a recommendation concerning adjudication of the case to the research integrity official. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research sponsor | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: an organization, such as a government agency or private company, which funds research. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Research subject (also called research participant) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: a living individual who is the subject of an experiment or study involving the collection of the individual's private data or biological samples (see also human subjects research). | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Respect for persons | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: a moral principle, with roots in Kantian philosophy, which holds that we should respect the choices of autonomous decision-makers (see Autonomy, Decision-making capacity) and that we should protect the interests of those who have diminished autonomy (see Vulnerable subject). See also Belmont Report. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Responsible conduct of research (RCR) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: following ethical and scientific standards and legal and institutional rules in the conduct of research. See also Research ethics, Research integrity. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Retraction | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: withdrawing or removing a published paper from the research record because the data or results have subsequently been found to be unreliable or because the paper involves research misconduct. Journals publish retraction notices and identify retracted papers in electronic databases to alert the scientific community to problems with the paper. See Correction. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Right | |||
---|---|---|---|
Жауап: a legal or moral entitlement. Rights generally imply duties or obligations. For example, if A has a right not be killed then B has a duty not to kill A. | |||