Glossary
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Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Value, scale of | |||
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Жауап: the idea that some things can be ranked on a scale of moral value. For example, one might hold that human beings are more valuable than other sentient animals; sentient animals are more valuable than non-sentient animals, etc. Some defenders of animal experimentation argue that harming animals in research can be justified to benefit human beings because human beings are more valuable than animals. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Virtue | |||
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Жауап: a morally good or desirable character trait, such as honesty, courage, compassion, modesty, fairness, etc. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Virtue ethics | |||
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Жауап: an ethical theory that emphasizes developing virtue as opposed to following rules or maximizing good/bad consequences. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Voluntariness | |||
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Жауап: | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Vulnerable subject | |||
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Жауап: a research subject who has an increased susceptibility to harm or exploitation due to his or her compromised ability to make decisions or advocate for his/her interests or his/her dependency. Vulnerability may be based on age, mental disability, institutionalization, language barriers, socioeconomic deprivation, or other factors. See Decision-making capacity, Informed consent. | |||
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Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Whistleblower | |||
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Жауап: a person who reports suspected illegal or unethical activity, such as research misconduct or non-compliance with human subjects or animal regulations. Various laws and institutional policies protect whistleblowers from retaliation. | |||
Сұрақ: (Соңғы өңдеу: )Withdrawal | |||
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Жауап: removing a human subjects research from a study. Subjects may voluntarily withdraw or be withdrawn by the researcher to protect them from harm or ensure the integrity of the study. Subjects who withdraw from a study may request to have their samples removed from the study (i.e. destroyed). | |||