Glossary
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
S |
---|
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Social responsibility | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: in science, the obligation to avoid harmful societal consequences from one’s research and to promote good ones. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Social value | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: 1. the social benefits expected to be gained from a scientific study, such as new knowledge or the development of a medical treatment or other technology. 2. The ethical principle that human subjects research should be expected to yield valuable results for society. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Speciesism | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: the idea, defended by philosopher Peter Singer, that treating human beings as morally different from animals is a form of discrimination similar to racism. Singer argues that since all animals deserve equal moral consideration, most forms of animal experimentation are unethical. See Value, scale of. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:58 PM)Standard operating procedures (SOPs) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: rules and procedures for performing an activity, such as conducting or reviewing research. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:58 PM)Statistical significance | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: a measure of the degree that an observed result (such as relationship between two variables) is due to chance. Statistical significance is usually expressed as a p-value. A p-value of 0.05, for example, means that the observed result will probably occur as a result of chance only 5% of the time. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:59 PM)Subject selection | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: rules for including/excluding human subjects in research. Subject selection should be equitable, i.e. subjects should be included or excluded for legitimate scientific or ethical reasons. For example, a clinical trial might exclude subjects who do not have the disease under investigation or are too sick to take part in the study safely. See Risk minimization, Justice. | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:59 PM)Surrogate decision-maker | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: | |||
T |
---|
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:59 PM)Testability | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: | |||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 11:00 PM)Therapeutic misconception | |||
---|---|---|---|
Answer: 1. The tendency for human subjects research in clinical research to believe that the study is designed to benefit them personally; 2. The tendency for the subjects of clinical research to overestimate the benefits of research and underestimate the risks. | |||