Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:59 PM)Subject selection | ||
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Answer: rules for including/excluding human subjects in research. Subject selection should be equitable, i.e. subjects should be included or excluded for legitimate scientific or ethical reasons. For example, a clinical trial might exclude subjects who do not have the disease under investigation or are too sick to take part in the study safely. See Risk minimization, Justice. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:58 PM)Statistical significance | ||
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Answer: a measure of the degree that an observed result (such as relationship between two variables) is due to chance. Statistical significance is usually expressed as a p-value. A p-value of 0.05, for example, means that the observed result will probably occur as a result of chance only 5% of the time. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:58 PM)Standard operating procedures (SOPs) | ||
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Answer: rules and procedures for performing an activity, such as conducting or reviewing research. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Speciesism | ||
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Answer: the idea, defended by philosopher Peter Singer, that treating human beings as morally different from animals is a form of discrimination similar to racism. Singer argues that since all animals deserve equal moral consideration, most forms of animal experimentation are unethical. See Value, scale of. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Social value | ||
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Answer: 1. the social benefits expected to be gained from a scientific study, such as new knowledge or the development of a medical treatment or other technology. 2. The ethical principle that human subjects research should be expected to yield valuable results for society. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:57 PM)Social responsibility | ||
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Answer: in science, the obligation to avoid harmful societal consequences from one’s research and to promote good ones. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:56 PM)Singapore Statement | ||
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Answer: an international research ethics code developed at the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity in Singapore in 2010. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:55 PM)Self-regulation | ||
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Answer: regulation of an activity by individuals involved in that activity as opposed to regulation by the government. See also Law. | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:54 PM)Self-deception | ||
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Answer: in science, deceiving one’s self in the conduct of research. Self-deception is a form of bias that may be intentional or unintentional (subconscious). | ||
Question: (Last edited: Friday, 31 July 2020, 10:00 PM)Scientific validity (or rigor) | ||
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Answer: processes, procedures, and methods used to ensure that a study is well-designed to test a hypothesis or theory. | ||